New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Type of initiative: Infrastructure Improvements
Population: 8.2 M city / 18.8 M metropolitan area
Among New York's global economic “command centers,” key sectors include finance, insurance, real estate, advertising, publishing, broadcasting, film production, and tourism.
The initiative involves upgrading the city's electricity distribution infrastructure, much of which dates back to the early 20th century, to improve reliability and allow for the implementation of distributed generation capacity.
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Summary
PlaNYC 2030 is Mayor Michael Bloomberg's sustainability plan for New York City (NYC). The plan, which was released to the public on April 22, 2007, is the City's blueprint for sustainable planning and development for the next quarter-century. The plan considers ongoing population growth, aging infrastructure, and increasing environmental risks due to pollution and global warming to be the City's key concerns. The plan seeks not merely to address these concerns, but to bring NYC to the vanguard of the world's large cities in terms of liveability and sustainability. The PlaNYC document (New York City, 2007 a) lays out an extensive set of proposals spread over six chapters, whose topics include (1) Land, (2) Water, (3) Transportation, (4) Energy, (5) Air, and (6) Climate Change. The present case study focuses on the Energy Chapter.
The main concerns of the Energy Chapter are rising demand for energy, a constrained electricity market, and environmental risks related to energy consumption. The chapter proposes 14 initiatives to address these concerns. The plan strongly emphasizes the reduction of energy consumption in residential, commercial, and institutional buildings. Relevant initiatives include: aggressive reduction of energy consumption in City-owned buildings (leading by example); the upgrading of building codes to require energy efficiency measures; and the introduction of smart metering and real-time pricing to help mitigate peak demand. A number of initiatives focus on power generation and distribution infrastructure, including: the re-powering of existing fossil-fuel power plants to make them cleaner and cheaper to operate; the modernization of the electricity grid to improve reliability; and the expansion of renewable electricity generation capacity. Other important proposals include the creation of a NY
C Energy Planning Board with a mandate to coordinate the activities of all players in the energy sector and to devise energy policies reflective of NYC's interests; and the creation of a NYC Energy Efficiency Authority that will devise and administer energy efficiency grant and incentive programs that are tailored to NYC's extremely diverse building stock.
PlaNYC is less than a year old and has therefore had little time to produce many concrete outcomes. To date, key accomplishments include the Mayor's signing of an executive order requiring City-owned buildings to reduce their energy consumption by 30% in the next 10 years and committing the planned $80 million annually for this purpose; the first of a series of expected updates to the building code and the introduction of fee rebates for green design; a deal with ten local universities to reduce their energy consumption by 30% in ten years; the launch of a multimedia campaign promoting various ‘green' initiatives, include energy conservation; the completion of a siting study for a new conventional power plant; and the announcement of an RFP for 2 MW of solar power (expected March 2008). However, the City has not yet succeeded in setting up the two supervisory bodies proposed in the Energy Chapter – i.e., the Energy Planning Board and the Energy Efficiency Authority. The coordination that these two bodies are intended to provide would facilitate the implementation of the other initiatives in the Energy Chapter.
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Municipal Context and BackgroundNYC is the most populous municipality in the US, having an estimated 8,214,426 residents in 2006 (US Census Bureau, 2006 a). It forms the core of the New York City-Northern New Jersey-Long Island metropolitan statistical area (MSA), the largest in the US with a population of 18,818,536 (US Census Bureau, 2006 b). The city's population is projected to increase by nearly half a million over each of the next two decades, reaching approximately 8.7 million in 2020 and 9.1 million by 2030 (NYC Department of City Planning, 2006).
Along with London and Tokyo, NYC is considered to be one of the three “command centres” of the global economy. The NYC metropolitan area has the largest regional economy in the US; internationally, it is second only to Tokyo. The lion's share of the gross metropolitan product is generated by NYC itself. Key sectors of the economy include finance, insurance, real estate, advertising, publishing, broadcasting, film production, and tourism; manufacturing, while in decline, also remains an important sector.
According to Mayor Michael Bloomberg, the City's key concerns are ongoing population growth, aging infrastructure, and increasing environmental risks due to pollution and global warming. Immediate action must be taken, claims the Mayor, to prevent these three concerns from becoming threats to the City's liveability and vitality. PlaNYC 2030 is a 25-year plan, championed by the Mayor himself that purports to address the three aforementioned key concerns and seeks to bring NYC to the vanguard of sustainability.
In the summer of 2006, at the Mayor's behest, a new branch was created within the Mayor's Office of Operations, called the Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability (OLTPS), with a mandate to devise a new, long-term sustainability plan for the City. Between September and November 2006, the OLTPS, with the help of numerous consultants and expert advisors, began drafting the new plan. In December 2006, Mayor Bloomberg announced the OLTPS's ten sustainability goals upon which the sustainability plan, dubbed PlaNYC 2030, would be based.
The preparation of the final PlaNYC document involved an extensive, four-month long public consultation process. The Mayor's staff presented the ten-point vision for New York's future to community leaders, public organizations and advocacy goups, and to the City's residents at large, seeking feedback and ideas for the implementation of the vision. Throughout the consultation process, the Mayor's staff met with over 100 advocacy groups and organized a total of 11 town hall and neighburhood leader meetings. The Mayor's Office also received over 3,000 e-mails with comments and suggestions regarding the ten objectives (City of New York, undated). The PlaNYC document was released to the public on April 22, 2007 – Earth Day.
The final document expands the OLTPS's ten initial sustainability goals into an extensive set of proposals, laid out in six chapters: (1) Land, (2) Water, (3) Transportation, (4) Energy, (5) Air, and (6) Climate Change. The fourth chapter, hereon referred to as the Energy Chapter, is the focus of the remainder of this case study.
PlaNYC was well received by City Council. It is more difficult to gauge the public's reaction. To date, among over 100 initiatives proposed in PlaNYC, one initiative attracted virtually all public attention and has become the subject of much controversy: Initiative 10 in the Transportation Chapter, which proposes to introduce congestion pricing. Much of the remainder of the document, including the entire Energy Chapter, has received scant media coverage and seems to have attracted little attention from the public. Officials at NYCEDC, who co-authored the Energy Chapter, say that the public feedback they have received has overall been positive.
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Description of the initiativeThe Energy Chapter addresses three interrelated concerns: (1) rising demand for energy; (2) constrained electricity market1; and (3) environmental risks related to energy consumption. These concerns are addressed through a set of fourteen initiatives, organized according to four basic themes.
Theme 1 – Improving Energy Planning
Initiative 1: Establish a New York City Energy Planning Board in order to work with the State and utilities to centralize planning for the City's supply and demand initiatives.
Theme 2 – Reducing NYC's Energy Consumption
Initiative 2: Reduce the municipal government's energy consumption by committing 10% of the City's annual energy bill to fund energy-saving investments in City operations.
Initiative 3: Strengthen energy codes in NYC by updating energy and building codes to support our energy efficiency strategies and other environmental goals.
Initiative 4: Create an energy efficiency authority for NYC, which will be responsible for reaching the City's demand reduction targets.
Initiative 5: Prioritize five key areas for targeted incentives; use a series of mandates, challenges, and incentives to reduce demand among the city's largest energy consumers, including (1) government and institutional buildings; (2) commercial and industrial buildings; (3) residential buildings; (4) new construction; and (5) appliances and electronics.
Initiative 6: Expand Peak Load Management by (1) increasing participation in Peak Load Management Programs through smart meters and (2) by supporting the expansion of real-time pricing (RTP) across the city.
Initiative 7: Launch an energy awareness and training campaign; increase the impact of energy efficiency efforts through a coordinated energy education, awareness, and training campaign.
Theme 3 – Expanding The City's Clean Power Supply
Initiative 8: Create 2,000 to 3,000 MW of supply capacity by repowering old plants, constructing new ones, and building dedicated transmission lines.
Initiative 9: Expand Clean Distributed Generation (Clean DG) by at least 800 MW from the current total of 180 MW by (1) promoting opportunities to develop district energy at appropriate sites in NYC; and (2) supporting critical expansions to the city's natural gas infrastructure.
Initiative 10: Expand the City's gas infrastructure by supporting the construction of new pipelines and LNG terminals that will increase the supply of natural gas.2
Initiative 11: Foster the market for renewable energy.
Theme 4 – Modernizing Electricity Delivery Infrastructure
Initiative 12: Accelerate reliability improvements to the City's grid by (1) installing advanced meters that will help the utility identify where problems are occurring and which users are affected; (2) intensifying efforts to replace components of the grid known to be failure-prone and improving the oversight of contractors who carry out such work; (3) implementing the recommendations made in a City report on the power failures in Long Island City in Queens that occurred in the summer of 2006.
Initiative 13: Facilitate grid repairs through improved coordination and joint bidding.3
Initiative 14: Support Con Edison's efforts to modernize the grid.
Some portions of the NYC's electricity grid were designed and built in the 1920s, and certain original components are still in use. Con Edison has undertaken a research and development project, called the 3G System of the Future, which seeks to combine electricity distribution with modern electronics and IT to yield or more efficient and reliable distribution grid. Con Edison requires significant investment to continue developing the 3G System; through Initiative 14, the City pledges to financially support this project.
There are two agencies that have jointly authored and will oversee the implementation of the Energy Chapter: Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability (OLTPS) and the NYC Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC). The OLTPS is a new division within the Mayor's Office of Operations, created for the purpose of overseeing the implementation of PlaNYC. It has staff dedicated to each of PlaNYC's chapters, including the Energy Chapter. The NYCEDC is a non-profit organization sponsored by the City (and overseen by the Deputy Mayor) with a broad mandate to stimulate economic development in NYC. It has a division responsible for the development of the energy and telecommunications sectors in NYC. As the City does not have its own department responsible for energy, the Mayor's Office brought NYCEDC on board to help write and to oversee the implementation of the Energy Chapter. There is no formal division of responsibilities between the OLTPS and NYCEDC.
Within the City of New York, other departments with a significant role include the Department of Citywide Administrative Services (DCAS) and the Department of Buildings (DOB). DCAS administers all City-owned properties. Through its Office of Energy Conservation, DCAS is expected to implement the City's ambitious plan to reduce energy consumption in its own operations by 30% over the next decade. The DOB enforces the building code and regulates the construction industry. It is responsible for enforcing all the new energy efficiency measures that have been and will continue to be introduced into the City's building code.
Outside the NYC government, the key partners involved in the implementation of the Energy Chapter are the state government and the New York State Public Service Commission, the regulator of the state's electric, gas, steam, telecommunications, and water utilities. The OLTPS and NYCEDC are working with the government and the Public Service Commission to put in place administrative mechanisms that will facilitate the implementation of various Energy Chapter initiatives. Other important partners include Con Edison and, to a lesser extent, National Grid (formerly known as KeySpan), the utilities that run NYC's electrical distribution infrastructure. Con Edison especially is expected to play a key role in upgrading distribution infrastructure and in introducing smart metering.
1 The market offers little scope for expansion of generating capacity and improving distribution infrastructure.
2 The four gas pipelines that currently supply the City have insufficient capacity to meet peak demand. Thus far, this limitation has been overcome by keeping reserves of natural gas. The City is vulnerable whenever there is a disruption in supply or a prolonged period of cold weather.
3 Joint bidding means assigning all work related to a street opening, meaning roadwork and work on all affected underground utilities, to a single contractor. All work related to a street opening is then carried out simultaneously, ultimately saving both time and money.
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Policy ContextThe City did not intervene directly in matters related to energy planning, beyond approving sites for new electrical infrastructure, until 2003 (City of New York, 2007 a). That year, the City undertook its first major effort to devise a comprehensive energy policy by setting up the New York City Energy Policy Task Force. In 2004, the Task Force submitted a report (City of New York, 2004) to Mayor Bloomberg with a set of energy policy recommendations. The report is considered a precursor to the PlaNYC Energy Chapter. The Task Force, which included representatives from the City, NYCEDC, the energy utilities, and several other stakeholders, helped to forge a partnership that would later help formulate the goals and initiatives of the Energy Chapter. In essence, the Energy Chapter extends the Task Force's recommendations, fleshing them out into concrete goals and initiatives.
At the metropolitan level, there appears to be little coordination of energy-related efforts among the many cities in the New York Metropolitan Area. The PlaNYC Energy Chapter embodies this apparent lack of coordination: it contains no reference to any of the municipalities surrounding NYC. This is surprising given not only the strong economic interdependence of NYC with surrounding municipalities but also since these municipalities have a stake in the same sources of electricity and natural gas that supply NYC.
At the state level, the initiatives in the PlaNYC Energy Chapter are supported by a set of new energy policies, announced in April 2007. There are four key policies: (1) to reduce energy consumption by 15% by 2015 through new state-wide energy efficiency programs for industry and government, dubbed the “15 by 15 policy”; (2) to set more rigorous energy use standards for appliances and to update building codes with stricter energy efficiency requirements; (3) to invest $295 million in renewable energy projects; and (4) to create new power plant siting legislation that will expedite the approval of new wind power projects, re-powering projects that reduce emissions in existing fossil fuel plants, and other power plant projects with very low levels of carbon dioxide emissions (New York State, 2007 a).
Aside from the Governor's new energy proposals, the state has long pursued energy efficiency initiatives through the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA). The agency offers a whole gamut of incentives and grants for energy efficiency upgrades for a multiplicity of building types sand is very active in NYC, supporting numerous energy retrofit projects in large commercial and institutional buildings but also sponsoring community-based energy efficiency programs, such as Energy $mart.
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Financial Aspects The Office of Long-Term Planning and Sustainability (OLTPS) is a new administrative body, set up in the summer of 2006 as a subdivision of the Mayor's Office of Operations, with a mandate to develop PlaNYC and to oversee its implementation. Originally, the OLTPS was staffed by nine people; it has since grown to 17 staff members. According to an official at OLTPS, two staff members have been primarily occupied with matters related to the Energy Chapter, with frequent support from other staff members. The OLTPS's key partner for the Energy Chapter is the NYCEDC Energy and Telecommunications Division. There are two staff members who dedicate most of their time to administering PlaNYC-related energy initiatives with the ongoing support of seven or eight other staff members. No new staff was hired as a direct result of NYCEDC's participation in the development and implementation PlaNYC.
The Energy Chapter calls for the creation of a NYC Energy Planning Board and a NYC Energy Efficiency Authority, both of which are expected to require some new administrative capacity. The exact structure of either body remains unknown; the City is still in the process of negotiating the creation of both bodies with the New York State Public Service Commission. For the Energy Planning Board, it is expected that members will include staff from the City, including representatives from the NYCEDC and OLTPS plus other City departments; from the State; and from Con Edison and National Grid, the two local energy distribution utilities. For the Energy Efficiency Authority, staff from the City, from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), and from Con Edison and National Grid would probably be involved. In both cases, it is unclear how many people will make up each body's board and what kind of administrative support each body will require.
In financial terms, the City expects that PlaNYC initiatives will be funded partly from its own coffers and partly through a variety of state and federal grants. For its part, the City has earmarked $1.6 billion in its ten-year capital plan for PlaNYC capital expenses. In the Mayor's Executive Budget for the 2008 fiscal year (FY08) (City of New York, 2007 c), total PlaNYC expenses are set to $199 million, of which $83 million is being dedicated to energy initiatives. While the City's total PlaNYC expenses are expected to grow over the next three fiscal years ($341 million for FY09, $377 million for FY10, and $404 million for FY11), Energy Chapter-related expenses are expected to gradually drop ($77 million for FY09, $70 million for FY10, and $62 million for FY11) because energy efficiency measures are expected to begin yielding savings.
NYSERDA presently administers the Systems Benefit Charge (SBC), a surcharge paid by electricity consumers state-wide. Annual revenues from the surcharge, which are used to fund energy efficiency programs, are currently around $175 million; ratepayers in NYC provide about 50% of the revenues, according to an official at NYCEDC. The OLPTS and NYCEDC are working to ensure that a fair share of SBC revenues is allocated to energy programs in NYC.
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
OutcomesGiven that PlaNYC was launched less than a year before this report was written, and given the plan's distant 2030 horizon, it has yet to produce many of the expected outcomes. Nonetheless, the City has been moving fairly aggressively on implementing the initiatives of PlaNYC. It has established a set of intermediate implementation targets, which must be met by December 2009. In the first PlaNYC Six-Month Status Report (City of New York, 2007 b), Initiatives 1 through 9, 12, and 14 of the Energy Chapter are reported as launched; Initiatives 11 and 13 are reported as partly launched; and Initiative 10 is reported as not yet launched. In general, the most progress has been made in areas that are largely under the City's jurisdiction.
Key accomplishments to date include the following:
- On October 2, 2007, Mayor Bloomberg signed Executive Order 109, requiring the City to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its own operations by 30% by 2017, setting aside an annual budget of approximately $80 million for energy efficiency projects, and establishing a steering committee to oversee the implementation of these projects (Initiative 2).
- On July 3, 2007, Mayor Bloomberg signed the first update to the City's building code since 1967. The new building code requires compliance with the New York State Energy Code, white roofs, and water-conserving plumbing. The code is combined with a set of fee rebates for green design (Initiative 3).
- Ten local universities have signed an agreement with the City to reduce their emissions by 30% by 2017 (Initiative 5).
- On June 25th 2007, the City launched GreeNYC, a multimedia campaign for PlaNYC. Specific outcomes include the forging of partnerships with non-profit groups, corporations, and marketing professionals to that are to develop energy efficiency and green house gas reduction campaigns targeted to specific segments of the population (Initiative 7).
- In July 2007, an initial feasibility study for a district power generator in Hudson Yards was submitted. The study, commissioned by Con Edison at the City's request, found that a “district energy facility” on the Hudson Yards site would be technically feasible and economically viable (Initiative 9).
- The City is about to announce an RFP for 2 MW of solar power (expected March 2008) (Initiative 11).
In areas beyond the City's jurisdiction, there have been fewer accomplishments. The City has proposed an omnibus bill to the State Legislature that would enable it to carry out several of the proposals found in PlaNYC. From the Energy Chapter, these include the creation of the NYC Energy Planning Board (Initiative 1), the NYC Energy Efficiency Authority (Initiative 4), and authorization to implement a property tax abatement for solar power (Initiative 11). The bill has stalled in the Legislature, primarily due to opposition to legislation that would enable congestion pricing, an initiative proposed in the PlaNYC Transportation Chapter.
The stalling of legislation enabling the creation of the NYC Energy Planning Board is a significant but not insurmountable setback. Officials from the NYCEDC and the OLPTS have indicated that they would try to find an alternate means of achieving the same end. The NYCEDC and OLTPS are currently involved in proceedings at the New York State Public Service Commission; through these proceedings, they hope to set up a body with powers similar to those of the envisioned NYC Energy Planning Board.
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Lessons LearnedThere are important barriers and challenges that will have to be faced in the ongoing implementation of the Energy Chapter. According to officials at NYCEDC, the biggest challenge will be to implement energy efficiency measures in residential buildings. The huge diversity and complexity of residential ownership and tenant structures in NYC makes this an intrinsically difficult undertaking.
Another important challenge is the equitable distribution of the costs and benefits entailed by the initiatives proposed in the Energy Chapter. In a statement on PlaNYC, the Pratt Center for Community Development (2007) suggests that the plan fails to consider the impacts of energy infrastructure on individual communities within the City, taking a citywide perspective instead. It is argued that certain communities, particularly some of the lowest-income communities are near the City's power plants and also happen to be subjected to the most unreliable parts of the distribution grid. When siting new power plants and re-powering existing power plants and rebuilding the City's electricity distribution infrastructure, the Pratt Center for Community Development urges the City to consider the impacts of such interventions on NYC's most disadvantaged populations.
Environmental groups such as the Sierra Club have also scrutinized the Energy Chapter. The Sierra Club generally praises the Energy Chapter but expresses certain concerns. Notably, it criticizes the plan for not sufficiently emphasizing the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels in light of increasing fuel price volatility. Indeed, the plan calls for expanding natural gas infrastructure (Initiative 10) rather than weaning the City off natural gas. Another principal criticism is that the plan does too little to encourage increased distributed and renewable electricity generation, resigning the City to building new fossil fuel-fired plants. The Club suggests that the City should pursue the installation of net metering, which would allow small electricity generators to feed into the grid and sell part of the electricity they generate.4 This would in turn encourage the deployment of distributed generators (Initiative 9) and renewable electricity generating capacity (Initiative 11). Yet another significant criticism is that all of PlaNYC, including the Energy Chapter, lacks a clear implementation timetable, beyond setting some broad goals to be achieved by 2009.5
The City's thus far unsuccessful effort to obtain legislative approval for the creation of the NYC Energy Planning Board and the NYC Energy Efficiency Authority has yielded an important lesson. Rather than wait indefinitely for the legislation to pass, the OLTPS and NYCEDC have been pursuing the creation of two similar bodies by regulatory means, through two proceedings at the New York Public Service Commission. Officials from both agencies have expressed that this approach is proving to be very effective; they are confident that they will attain their original goals sooner this way. The apparent lesson is that, in terms of setting up new administrative mechanisms in the energy sector, the regulatory approach is more effective and should therefore be prioritized over the legislative approach.
There are innovative ideas in the Energy Chapter could inspire municipal energy policies in other cities. Despite structural and regulatory differences in the energy sector across the continent, many municipalities may find themselves in a position similar to NYC's: jurisdiction over their energy sector split among several agencies and a lack of inter-agency coordination. Moreover, as in NYC's case, state- or province-wide agencies may tend to be unresponsive to the specific needs of particular cities – especially larger, older cities with highly diversified building stocks and ownership structures. One key idea in PlaNYC, from which other municipalities could take inspiration, is that of devising a comprehensive, long-term energy plan, such as the Energy Chapter, and creating a municipal body, such as the proposed NYC Energy Planning Board, to oversee its implementation.
While the idea of a long-term municipal energy plan and a supervisory body is transferable to other municipalities, many of the specifics of PlaNYC are probably not. In particular, the Energy Chapter devotes considerable attention to the reduction of energy use in buildings. About 80% of New York's green house gas emissions are attributed to energy used in commercial, institutional, and residential buildings (City of New York, 2007 a), an unusually high share. Consequently, compared to other cities, NYC has more scope for reducing energy consumption in buildings and less scope for reducing industrial and transportation-related energy consumption. Other cities, in which a greater share of energy consumption is attributed to industry and transportation, may wish to focus more on initiatives to reduce energy consumption in these sectors and less in buildings.
4 According to an official at NYCEDC, the City is supporting net-metering legislation that is currently being pursued at the State Legislature.
5 Mayor Bloomberg's administration ends at the end of 2009. An official NYCEDC has suggested that a timetable beyond 2009 would be liable to be changed by the next administration.
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Next StepsThe most critical next step in the implementation of the Energy Chapter is setting up the two supervisory bodies proposed in the Energy Chapter. As mentioned in the Outcomes section above, the City failed to get legislative approval for the creation of the NYC Energy Planning Board (Initiative 1) and the NYC Energy Efficiency Authority (Initiative 4), as proposed in the Energy Chapter. Creation of the former is particularly urgent, as it is needed to see through several other initiatives proposed in the chapter. The NYCEDC and the OLTPS have decided that, rather than seeking legislative approval anew, they will push the New York State Public Service Commission, the State's utilities regulator, to set up bodies with similar powers. Officials at the NYCEDC and the OLTPS acknowledge that the structures and the mandates of the two bodies will be different than those envisioned in the Energy Chapter; as negotiations with the Public Service Commission are ongoing and the outcomes are difficult to predict.
Other upcoming steps include:
- devising a plan for energy efficiency upgrades to City-owned properties, as the $80 million annual budget called for by Energy Chapter (Initiative 2) is in place
- seeing through the deployment of advanced electricity meters to pave the way for real-time pricing and Peak Load Management (Initiative 6)
- announcing RFPs for new conventional power plants (Initiative 8) – an RFP for a 500 MW power plant is expected to be announced in 2008
- creating and approving a citywide street management plan which will, among other things, enable joint-bidding (Initiative 13)
New York City, New York, United States - PlaNYC Energy Chapter
Sources, Documents and Web ResourcesInterviews
Kling, Alison
Senior Project Manager – Energy and Telecommunications
New York City Economic Development Corporation
(212) 312-3773
akling@nycedc.com
Maron, Ariella
Deputy Director – Long-Term Planning & Sustainability
NYC Mayor's Office of Operations
(212) 788-9770
amaron@cityhall.nyc.gov
Miner, Dan
Member
Sierra Club New York City Group
(718) 786-5300 x 27
danminer@licbdc.org
Simon, Victoria
Assistant Vice-President – Energy and Telecommunications
New York City Economic Development Corporation
(212) 312-3672
vsimon@nycedc.com
Documents
- City of New York. 2004. New York City Energy Policy: An Electricity Resource Roadmap. Report to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg
- City of New York. 2007 a. PlaNYC 2030: A Greater, Greener New York. Public document
- City of New York. 2007 b. PlaNYC Six-Month Status Report – October 22, 2007.Web document
- City of New York. 2007 c. Executive Budget – Fiscal Year 2008.Presentation
- City of New York. undated. PlaNYC 2030 – What We Heard.Web page
- New York State. 2007 a. New State Plan Sets Goals for Reducing Energy Costs, Curbing Pollution and Addressing Global Climate Change. Press release
- New York State. 2007 b. Renewable Energy Task Force Named. Press release
- NYC Department of City Planning. 2006. New York Population Projections by Age/Sex & Borough, 2000-2030 – Briefing Booklet.Public document
- Pratt Center for Community Development. 2007. How PlaNYC Can Grow. Web page
- United States Conference of Mayors. 2006. The Role of Metro Areas in the US Economy.Public document
- US Census Bureau. 2006 a. Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2006 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006. Census data
- US Census Bureau. 2006 b. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006. Census document
Web Resources
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