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Background Volume: Chapters and Authors
The ten chapters commissioned by the CEC Secretariat for its Article 13 report, “Maize and Biodiversity: The Effects of Transgenic Maize in Mexico,” still contain some inconsistencies and repetition, as well as a few factual errors to be corrected after their drafting and initial round of editing. The Expert Advisory Group guiding the preparation of the chapters agreed to release them for public comments nonetheless, to foster public participation and transparency at the maize symposium, which was held in Oaxaca on 11 March 2004. Following the comments received at the symposium and with more time for the Advisory Group to work with the authors one-on-one, the chapters and their abstracts are being carefully reviewed to ensure that they and the final book are factually correct, line-by-line and page-by-page, and that they represent an accurate assessment of the state of knowledge of the impact of transgenic maize in a center of origin and diversity. It is the hope of both the CEC Secretariat and its Advisory Group that the “noise” around transgenic maize can be reduced by presenting a comprehensive review of the science and other issues pertaining to the subject, written in a language accessible to the public.
| Chapter |
Author |
Co-author |
Chapter steward/Advisory Group member |
Chapter 1
Context and Background on Wild and Cultivated Maize in Mexico
Abstract | Research paper |
Antonio Turrent (INIFAP) |
José Antonio Serratos Hernández |
José Sarukhán |
Chapter 2
Understanding Benefits and Risks
Abstract | Research paper |
Paul Thompson (Michigan State University) |
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Lilia Pérez Santiago, Don Doering, José Luis Solleiro |
Chapter 3
Assessment of Effects on Genetic Diversity
Abstract | Research paper |
Julien Berthaud (IRD) |
Paul Gepts (University of California, Davis) |
Allison Snow, Andrew Baum, Norman Ellstrand |
Chapter 4
Assessment of Effects on Natural Ecosystems
Abstract | Research paper |
Lillian LaReesa Wolfenbarger (University of Nebraska, Omaha) |
Mario González-Espinosa (Ecosur) |
José Sarukhán, Peter Raven |
Chapter 5
Assessment of Biological Effects in Agriculture
Abstract | Research paper |
Major Goodman (North Carolina State University) |
Luis Enrique García Barrios (Ecosur) |
David Andow |
Chapter 6
Assessment of Social and Cultural Effects Associated with Transgenic Maize Production
Abstract | Research paper
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Stephen Brush (University of California, Davis) |
Michelle Chauvet (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana) |
José Sarukhán, Peter Phillips, Víctor Toledo, Mindahi Bastida-Muñoz, Julian Kinderlerer, Lilia Pérez Santiago |
Chapter 7
Assessment of Human and Animal Health
Effects
Abstract | Research paper |
Héctor Bourges (UNAM) |
Samuel Lehrer (Tulane University Medical Center) |
Amanda Gálvez Mariscal, Luis Herrera-Estrella, Andrew Baum |
Chapter 8
A Framework for Judging Potential Benefits and Risks
Abstract | Research paper |
Mauricio Bellon (CIMMYT) |
George Tzotzos (UNIDO)
Paul Thompson |
Peter Phillips, Conrad Brunk, Julian Kinderlerer, Lilia Pérez Santiago, Amanda Gálvez Mariscal |
Chapter 9
Understanding Complex Biology and Community Values: Communication and Participation
Abstract | Research paper |
Jorge Larson (Conabio) |
Michelle Chauvet |
Julian Kinderlerer, Lilia Pérez Santiago |
Chapter 10
Managing potential risks and enhancing potential benefits-Identification and analysis of management tools and policy options
Abstract | Research paper |
Reynaldo Ariel Alvarez (Cinvestav) |
John Komen (ISNAR) |
David Andow, Susan Bragdon, Don Doering, Amanda Gálvez Mariscal |
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ANTONIO TURRENT FERNANDEZ
Antonio Turrent Fernández is a soil scientist for the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuaries (INIFAP) in Mexico and also a part-time research professor.
Dr. Turrent has a Ph.D. in philosophy from the Iowa State University and a master's degree in agricultural sciences from El Colegio de Postgraduados de México. He also has a diploma in agronomic engineering from the Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo.
He is the author of several publications related to Mexican agriculture and crops produced for community self-sufficiency.
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JOSÉ ANTONIO SERRATOS HERNÁNDEZ
José Antonio Serratos Hernández is a biotechnologist for the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuaries (INIFAP) in Mexico. Dr. Serratos holds bachelors and masters degrees in biology from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and the University of Ottawa, Canada, and a PhD in plant biotechnology from the Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Politécnico. Dr. Serratos specialized in agroecology at the Land Resources Research Institute, Central Experimental Farm, in Ottawa, Canada. He is currently an adjunct scientist at the Applied Biotechnology Center at CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo), and member of Subcomité Especializado de Medio Ambiente (Biosafety) for the Instituto Nacional de Ecología. His principal research interests are molecular biology of maize reproduction and the biochemistry and ecology of maize-insect interactions.
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PAUL B. THOMPSON
Paul B. Thompson holds the W.K. Kellogg Chair in Agricultural, Food and Community Ethics at Michigan State University, and is professor in the departments of Philosophy, Agricultural Economics, and Community, Agriculture, Resources and Recreation Studies. He formerly held the Joyce and Edward E. Brewer Chair in Applied Ethics at Purdue University. He is a co-author of the National Research Council Report Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants, and has published widely on risk and ethical issues associated with agricultural biotechnology.
Dr. Thompson received his Ph.D. in philosophy from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1980, and holds a B.A. in philosophy from Emory University in Atlanta, GA.
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JULIEN BERTHAUD
Julien Berthaud is currently working for the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) in Montpellier, France, as a researcher on in situ conservation of maize in Mexico, gene flow and dynamic of maize genetic diversity. Prior to this, Dr. Berthaud worked as a senior scientist and researcher on in situ conservation of maize in Mexico, gene flow and dynamic of maize genetic diversity for CIMMYT-IRD, a joint research project conducted in CIMMYT, El Batán, Mexico.
Dr. Berthaud holds graduate degrees in agronomy engineering from University of Paris at Orsay (doctorat d'état ès sciences naturelles, doctorat de troisième cycle and D.E.A. in plant breeding), from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Montpellier, France.
He has published extensively on genetic resources and many other issues related to coffee and maize.
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PAUL GEPTS
Paul Gepts is a professor in the Department of Agronomy and Range Science for the University of California at Davis. Prior to this, he worked as a researcher and held several teaching positions.
Dr. Gepts has graduate degrees from Gembloux, Belgium (B.S., agricultural sciences, M.S., agricultural sciences in plant protection), and the University of Wisconsin, Madison (Ph.D., with a major in plant breeding and genetics and a minor in botany).
He has published extensively on gene flow from crops, crop evolution and many other issues related to genetics.
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L. LAREESA WOLFENBARGER
Lillian LaReesa Wolfenbarger is an adjunct associate professor, Department of Biology at the University of Nebraska, Omaha.
Dr. Wolfenbarger has a Ph.D. in ecology and evolution from Cornell University and a B.S. in biology from the University of California at Los Angeles.
She is the author of several publications related to ecology and genetically engineered plants issues and conducts research on the ecological effects of commercialized genetically engineered crops on plant and animal communities.
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MARIO GONZÁLEZ-ESPINOSA
Mario González-Espinosa, is a senior researcher in the Department of Terrestrial Ecology and Systematics, Biodiversity Conservation Division, at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (Ecosur) in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. He has held teaching and research positions at Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (1974-1977), and the Botany Center at the Colegio de Posgraduados (Chapingo, México, 1977-1982).
His current research interests include population and community ecology of plants in tropical highland forests subjected to traditional land-use patterns, ecological restoration and conservation of forest ecosystems, and macroecological issues of neotropical floristic diversity.
Dr. González-Espinosa obtained his diploma in agronomic engineering in 1976 at the National School of Agriculture (Chapingo, Mexico). He also earned a Ph.D. (population biology) from the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) in 1982.
He has authored and co-authored more than 35 scientific studies and book chapters, and has contributed more than 70 papers, lectures, or seminars in national and international professional meetings.
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MAJOR GOODMAN
Major Goodman is a professor in the departments of Crop Science, Statistics, and Genetics at North Carolina State University.
Dr. Goodman has graduate degrees from Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa (B.S. in math), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (M.S. in genetics) and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (Ph.D. in genetics), followed by an NSF postdoctoral fellowship at the Institute of Genetics, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
He has published extensively on tropical maize germplasm, maize genetics, and maize breeding.
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STEPHEN B. BRUSH
Steven B. Brush is a professor in the Human and Community Development Department, University of California at Davis. Prior to his present position, he worked as a senior scientist at the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (1994-1995), as associate director of the anthropology program at the National Science Foundation (1980-1983) and as assistant/associate professor of anthropology at the College of William and Mary.
Dr. Brush holds a Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Wisconsin (1973).
He is the author and co-author of several publications related to issues on crop genetic resources and crop diversity in peasant and industrialized agriculture.
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DR. LUIS GARCÍA BARRIOS
Luis García Barrios is a senior researcher (Investigador Titular B) at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, a multidisciplinary research center with offices in the five southernmost states of Mexico. He has served as head of the Department of Agroecology (1992-1996) and as head of the Division of Alternative Production Systems (1999-2002).
He has a BSc degree in biology (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 1985) and masters and PhD degrees in ecology (Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, 1998). He has been an invited researcher at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, 1992) and at the University of Wageningen (Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2003)
During the past 20 years he has done field and experimental research on different topics related to peasant indigenous agriculture. He has worked and published on the topics of peasant technology, ethnobotany, participatory research, potential yield of corn land races, intercropping, agent-based modeling and simulation of mixed crops, sustainability of multi-species agricultural systems, agroforestry systems, and nonlinear dynamical systems applied to agriculture. He teaches agroecology to masters and PhD students at ECOSUR.
He currently collaborates with Drs. Elena Alvarez Buylla, Hugo Perales Rivera and other researchers on an international research project aimed at understanding the extent to which trangenes have been incorporated into Mexican land race genomes, and the rate of progress and mechanisms of such processes.
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MICHELLE CHAUVET
Michelle Chauvet works as a researcher/professor in the Sociology Department of the Metropolitan Autonomous University (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana), Unidad Azcapotzalco.
Dr. Chauvet has a Ph.D. and master's degrees in economics and a bachelor's degree in journalism and communications from the National Autonomous University of Mexico.
Since 1990, she has been working as a researcher on the socioeconomic impacts of the biotechnology on the agriculture and the environment. She has also been doing research on meat livestock.
Presently, she is doing joint research for Cinvestav-Irapauto and the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos-UAEM) on the identification and evaluation of socioeconomics, biotechnology and biodiversity issues of small communities that cultivate wild corn in Mexico.
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HÉCTOR BOURGES
Héctor Bourges obtained his M.D. degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (1963) and a Ph.D. degree in nutrition at MIT (1968). Since 1968 he has been a researcher at the "Salvador Zubiran" National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, where he is currently director of nutrition.
His research has covered a variety of subjects in the area of nutrition physiology and biochemistry and in food science. In addition to pursuing his reasearch interests, he has lectured in nutrition at different universities.
He has published about 250 research papers and 12 books, and contributed 40 chapters to peer-authored texts, as well as serving on many academic and advisory committees.
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SAMUEL B. LEHRER
Samuel B. Lehrer is a research professor of medicine at the clinical immunology section at Tulane University School of Medicine and is adjunct professor of environmental health sciences at the School of Public Health.
Dr. Lehrer is an expert on food allergens and allergen detection. He is exploring new methods for testing and characterizing food allergens and has lectured extensively on methods for testing genetically modified crops for potential allergenicity.
Dr. Lehrer serves on FDA's Allergenic Products Advisory Committee and has served on the NIAID Food Allergy Study Group. He obtained his Ph.D. from the Temple University School of Medicine in 1971.
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MAURICIO BELLON
Mauricio Bellon is a senior scientist for the economics program at Mexico's Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center-CIMMYT). He has a B.S. degree in agronomy from the Metropolitan Autonomous University (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana), Mexico, and a M.S. and Ph.D. in human ecology from the University of California at Davis. At CIMMYT, he is responsible for participatory research and the social and cultural aspects of crop biodiversity research, and is a member of the Biosafety and Bioethics Committee. Dr. Bellon has research experience in farmers' management of crop diversity with an emphasis on maize and rice among small farmers in Mexico, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe. He also has conducted research on the use of participatory methods in the design and evaluation of agricultural technologies.
Prior to joining CIMMYT in 1997, Dr. Bellon was affiliate scientist at the Genetics Resources, IRRI (1995-1997), and from 1990 to 1995, an investigador asociado "C" at the Centro de Ecología, of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México). He is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences.
He has authored and co-authored several publications on genetic resource conservation and crop evolution. He has also written extensively on issues related to maize in Mexico.
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GEORGE T. TZOTZOS
George T. Tzotzos is head of the Biotechnology Unit of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Prior to his present position, he worked as Science Coordinator at the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. He is currently visiting professor at the University of Concepción, Chile.
Dr. Tzotzos has a Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Bristol, UK (1981).
He is the author or co-author of several publications related to issues on biosafety and is active in developing computer-based decision support systems for biological risk assessment.
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JORGE LARSON
Jorge Larson is a biologist collaborating with the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity—Conabio) since 1992, in activities related to national biodiversity policy, access to genetic resources and benefit sharing, biosafety, intellectual property rights and the in situ conservation of biological resources. He served as technical coordinator of the Mexican Delegation to the negotiations of the Cartagena Protocol on the Transboundary Movement of Living Modified Organisms, and was a MacArthur Foundation fellow with the project "Intellectual Property and Biological Resources in Rural Mexico." He currently coordinates the Collective Biological Resources Program in Conabio.
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REYNALDO ARIEL ALVAREZ-MORALES
Dr. Reynaldo Ariel Alvarez-Morales is a principal researcher in the Department of Plant Genetic Engineering at the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Mexico.
Dr. Alvarez-Morales has a postgraduate degree in microbial molecular genetics from the University of Sussex, Great Britain, with a major in microbiology, and a bachelor's degree in biochemistry from the National School of Biological Sciences, I.P.N., Mexico City.
He is the author of several publications related to implementation of biosafety on agricultural issues.
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JOHN KOMEN
John Komen is assistant director of the Program for Biosafety Systems (PBS), at the International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR). PBS is a five-year biosafety capacity development program, funded by the US Agency for International Development and implemented by an international consortium of organizations. Mr. Komen joined ISNAR in February 1993 as a research officer responsible for projects on the policy and management aspects of agricultural biotechnology and biosafety. In particular, his areas of expertise include:
- international collaboration and technology transfer in agricultural biotechnology;
- intellectual property rights and IP management;
- biosafety policies and procedures; and
- designing training materials and methods for biotechnology research managers.
Mr. Komen has authored, co-authored and edited over 30 peer-reviewed publications on policy and management aspects of agricultural biotechnology. He is an editorial advisor for the Biotechnology and Development Monitor, a quarterly journal published by The Network University (TNU) and The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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